Steps for Constructing an Underground Water Tank:
Water Purification
Water Treatment
Water Filtration
Steps for Constructing an Underground Water Tank:

  1. Excavate the tank to the required dimensions and compact the bottom of the excavation with a rammer and spray insecticide.
  2. Place plastic and pour 10 cm thick regular concrete.
  3. Build walls using cement blocks with a thickness of 15-20 cm around the perimeter of the outer tank.
  4. Plaster the walls of the blocks from the inside and paint the floor and walls of the tank with bitumen.
  5. Waterproof the tank from the inside (walls and floors) with two layers of waterproofing.
  6. Create the reinforcement for the base and walls of the tank according to the design and install the water-stop.
  7. Pour the tank base to the desired thickness as shown in the plans.
  8. Backfill around the tank from the outside.
  9. Tighten the tank walls with wooden braces, create frames every 30 cm in length and width, and place jacks every 70 cm in length and width.
  10. Pour the walls of the tank to the desired thickness.
  11. Create wooden braces for the tank ceiling.
  12. Create the tank ceiling reinforcement as shown in the design.
  13. Place a 4-inch pipe for tank ventilation.
  14. Create an 80 x 80 cm opening in the tank ceiling for maintenance and cleaning.
  15. Pour the tank ceiling to the desired thickness.
  16. Waterproof the tank ceiling with two layers of bitumen rolls.
  17. Backfill above the tank surface.

In summary, constructing an underground water tank involves several steps, including excavation, concrete pouring, block wall building, plastering, reinforcing, pouring walls and ceilings, and waterproofing. The process requires careful attention to detail and adherence to the design to ensure a functional and long-lasting tank.

Water Purification

Water purification is the process of removing pollutants and impurities from raw water to make it suitable for human or industrial use. This process is carried out by treatment plants and involves the following steps:

  1. Primary stage: Involves collecting raw water from natural sources such as rivers, lakes, and wells, and removing large impurities such as leaves, rocks, and branches using nets and filters.

  2. Secondary stage: Involves removing organic and inorganic pollutants such as viruses, bacteria, salts, natural and chemical organic matter using various techniques such as sedimentation, filtration, evaporation, and ion exchange.

  3. Tertiary stage: Involves adding necessary chemicals to improve water quality, such as chlorine, ozone, activated carbon, and other materials, to reduce bacterial and viral contamination and eliminate unpleasant odors.

  4. Quaternary stage: Involves improving the taste and odor of water by adding appropriate materials to improve water quality and make it more suitable for human use.

Water purification is essential for providing safe water for human and industrial use, preserving public health and the environment, and contributing to improving the quality of life and welfare in communities.

Water Treatment

Water treatment refers to the process of removing pollutants, impurities, chemicals, organic and inorganic matter, viruses, and bacteria from contaminated water to make it suitable for human or industrial use. The process of water treatment varies according to the type of water, source, and desired use.

The process of water treatment usually includes the following steps:

  1. Preliminary treatment: This step involves improving the quality of raw water by removing large impurities, such as leaves, rocks, and branches, using nets and filters.

  2. Physical treatment: This step involves using physical processes to remove solid particles and fine impurities by sedimentation, filtration, flotation, and aggregation.

  3. Chemical treatment: This step involves using chemicals to remove organic matter, heavy metals, bacteria, viruses, and other chemical pollution.

  4. Biological treatment: This step involves using biological processes to remove organic matter and other organic substances by using bacteria and fungi.

  5. Final purification: This step involves purifying clean water from chemicals, organic matter, viruses, and bacteria using final purification systems such as immune filtration, ultraviolet radiation, and ozone.

Water treatment is essential for providing clean and safe water for human and industrial use, preserving public health and the environment, and contributing to improving the quality of life and welfare in communities.

Water Filtration

Water filtration refers to the process of passing water through a filter material to remove impurities, solid particles, chemicals, organic matter, viruses, and bacteria. Filters are widely used in water treatment plants and in many industrial and household applications.

The process of water filtration usually includes the following steps:

Primary stage: This involves passing water through coarse filters to remove large particles and unwanted impurities such as sand, grit, leaves, and branches.

Secondary stage: This involves passing water through finer filters that remove smaller solid particles, organic and chemical impurities, such as activated carbon, fly ash, and resins.

Tertiary stage: This involves passing water through even finer filters that remove very fine particles, organic matter, viruses, and bacteria, such as micro-membranes and reverse osmosis filters.

Filters are widely used in water treatment plants and in many industrial and household applications, such as oil refineries, power plants, and many other applications that require water purification. Water filtration is one of the basic processes for improving water quality and making it suitable for human and industrial use.